Circuit design the circuit design is described below. Let me mention another method for a frequency doubler circuit, apparently neglected by many people, which is a four quadrant multiplier or known as gilbert cell. Figure 6 frequency doubler for higher frequencies figure 7 performance of frequency doubler for higher frequencies, 80 to 160 mhz at higher frequencies, i was only able to measure total power output, shown in figure 8, but the power at undesired frequencies should be small. The input signal is applied to the differentiating circuit r1c1. Compact frequency doublermultiplier circuitry texas. The operational amplifiers are used for signal processing. The main components of a pll circuit comprise a phase detector, a loop filter lpf and a voltagecontrolled oscillator vco. This paper presents a simple design technique of resistive frequency doubler by using a microstrip square ring resonator based on inductively. L voltage doublers are an easy and inexpensive way to experiment with high voltage. International journal of engineering and technology ijet. A monolithic 6 ghz quadrature frequency doubler with adjustable phase offset 407 fig. Jun 17, 2018 using just a few discrete components and two inverters, it is possible to build a simple ttl square wave frequency doubler for signals up to about 100 khz. Diodebased frequency multipliers and rectifiers, coupled with antennas, are.
An lband cmos frequency doubler using a timedelay technique. The input voltage of the voltage doubler circuit for the simulation purpose has been set to 220 volt and the output obtained is 550 volt. Theses thesisdissertation collections 12014 switched. Diode matching is difficult so the fundamental will be larger. Simple frequency doubler schematic circuit diagram 2. Finer control over turns ratio is possible, because the secondary voltage of the transformer is higher and the current is doubled outside of the transformer. Analog frequency multiplier design techniques and applications figure 5. If youve been looking for a way to generate high voltage, youve undoubtedly run across the volt age doubler. The circuit shown in figure 24 of this application note uses two voltagetofrequency converters to construct a continuously adjustable frequency multiplier or divider.
Pdf frequency doubler and current source with ad633. The objective of this textbook is to develop the rf circuit design aspects in such a way that. A protection circuit for dcdc converter with voltage doubler. These doublers, multipliers are used in communication equipments, synthesizers and any other application that requires frequency multiplication. Frequency multipliers consist of a nonlinear circuit that distorts the input signal and consequently generates harmonics of the input signal. An input clock signal with an unpredictable duty cycle is inputted to a. Voltage doublers are an easy and inexpensive way to. Helsinki university of technology, electronic circuit design laboratory report 33, espoo 2002 circuit techniques for lowvoltage and highspeed ad converters mikko waltari dissertation for the degree of doctor of science in technology to be presented with due permis. The proposed circuit uses a timedelay element and an xor logic gate to perform the frequency multiplication and is implemented entirely onchip. The idea is to use a voltage controlled oscillator to generate a new frequency that has a precise mathematical relationship to the reference frequency. Circuits basic parameters like conversion gain, fundamental suppression, dc power. Basic circuit analysis method, superposition, thevenin and norton, the digital abstraction, inside the digital gate, nonlinear analysis, incremental analysis, dependent sources and amplifiers, mosfet amplifier large signal. Voltage multiplier and voltage doubler circuit electronicstutorials.
Erickson abstract we report on the design and evaluation of a 40 ghz to 80 ghz 4080 ghz highpower, wideband, fixedtuned balanced doubler. So far, the voltage multiplier circuits discussed in previous sections are. You can easily modify the basic design of this versatile pldbased divider to handle different io conditions. This circuit uses some diodes and capacitors to generate 28 v from an 15 v input signal. Frequency doubler, frequency multiplier or in this case a second harmonic generator. Given 50hz as the input frequency, the output frequency is 100hz l and c should be in 100hz resonance. Voltage doubling using diodecapacitor combina tions is a common practice. When the mixer inputs are orthogonal, the peak output occurs. Microwave frequency doubler integrated with miniaturized. A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that converts ac electrical power from a lower voltage. This resonant frequency doubler is derived from a simple actodc power supply circuit. This paper presents a simple design technique of resistive frequency doubler by using a microstrip square ring resonator based on inductively compensated parallelcoupled lines as an output stage. Microwave frequency doubler integrated with miniaturized planar antennas suzette marie presas abstract in this thesis the development of a high efficiency harmonic reradiator, consisting of a diode doubler and conjugatematched receive and transmit antennas, is described.
The circuit shown in figure 24 of this application note uses two voltageto frequency converters to construct a continuously adjustable frequency multiplier or divider. Analysis of new bidirectional dcdc converter based on. Frequency doubler circuit diagram learning electronics. Actodc power supply modified to resonant frequency doubler. Oct 02, 2016 this resonant frequency doubler is derived from a simple actodc power supply circuit. Internally the device contains balanced to unbalanced transformers baluns to match the doubler circuit with the output and input.
Mar 21, 1995 the amplifier circuit of claim 16, wherein at least one of said level shifter stages comprises an amplifier circuit providing effective f t doubling operation. How ever, whole banks of doublers, called cascades, can also be used. Using just a few discrete components and two inverters, it is possible to build a simple ttl square wave frequency doubler for signals up to about 100 khz. Novel frequency doubler circuits and dividers for clock signal generation are presented. A voltage doubler is an electronic circuit which charges capacitors from the input voltage and. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final. One of the projects i was working on once required a doubling of clock speed from an arduino nano, which has an atmel 328p running at 16 mhz onboard. Abstract in this paper, a frequency doubler circuit is presented that converts a 0. The course introduces the fundamentals of the lumped circuit abstraction. Highspeed mixed signal communications circuits using an ft doubler architecture in sige hbt technology by robert heikaus a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of rensselaer polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science approved. Abstract the research presented in this thesis is on the application of the injectionlocked oscillator technique to microwave balanced oscillators. I am trying to implement a digital input frequency doubler.
The second edition includes numerous updates, including publisher 2007 pdf cmyk greater coverage of cmos. Double the frequency of any cmos or ttl clock signal with this easytobuild doubler circuit. These tools allow students, hobbyists, and professional engineers to design and analyze analog and digital systems before ever building a prototype. A novel complementary pushpush frequency doubler with negative. Mar, 2006 lowering the input frequency for a frequency doubler using a single 4069. Interleaved pfc boost converter with voltagedoubler. Online schematic capture lets hobbyists easily share and discuss their designs, while online circuit simulation allows for quick design iteration and accelerated learning about electronics. Summarizing the most important properties of the currentdoubler rectifier as revealed by the circuit diagram, the description of operation and the different waveforms, the following conclusions can be drawn. A highpower, fixedtuned, millimeterwave balanced frequency doubler david w. Frequency divider adapts to io condition 120596 edndesign ideas the circuit in figure 1 accepts an input clock signal, such as from a crystal oscillator, and divideas the frequency according to the input divisor word. Frequency doublers minicircuits frequency doublers offer a new degree of freedom in designing frequency multiplier chains.
Cdr operation in boost mode, the circuit sides are changed by handling cdr as input and fb as output. The current from the input flows through the upper diode in one direction, charging the upper capacitor. The equivalent circuit thus can be shown as follows in fig 3 and fig 4. The dc gate bias of the device, v gg, is chosen such that it is somewhat below the transistor threshold voltage, v tn. Simulation, design and construction of high voltage dc power. The frequency doubler input signal is driven through a bandpass filter which selects the desired harmonic multiplied signal. What are the advantages of voltage doubler circuit. Design of millimeterwave sige frequency doubler and.
The tiny outline of the hmc18x series device occupies a board area of 3mm by 4. Frequency multipliers consist of a nonlinear circuit that distorts the input signal and consequently generates harmonics of. In combination with two edge detectors and two duty cycle control buffers a low cost frequency doubler circuit is achieved as compared to phaselocked loop pll design. A pll is generally the proper solution in this case. The circuit may use any npn transistor that operates at the frequency of the input signal. Pdf analog frequency multiplier design techniques and.
Double clock frequency with digital logic how we did it dqydj. Pasternack rf frequency multipliers also known as frequency doublers are passive microwave components that create an output frequency whose signal is larger than the input signal, known as the harmonic signal. The basic circuit includes operational amplifiers and rc circuits resistor capacitor networks. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. The doubler circuit itself is passive and comprises a full wave schottky diode bridge rectifier. L10 ph, and both l1 and c1 have to be tuned to the frequency of xtal1. Lowering the input frequency for a frequency doubler using a single 4069. This circuit will take a digital input signal and output a digital signal whose frequency is proportional to the input frequency with the constant of proportionality set by the. The drawback is that it requires the input signal have exactly 50% duty cycle, otherwise it will not only have the same issue as described above, but also the integrator in the circuit will saturate and make the doubler fail. The inverter ic1a you could use a nand or nor gate with the inputs tied together inverts the input square wave and applies it to the differentiating circuit r2c2. Im going to explain in this piece how i was able to double clock frequency with digital logic no pll or dll needed. Frequency multipliers at macom we offer a line of frequency multipliers that can be used in a variety of communications applications.
Circuit techniques for lowvoltage and highspeed ad. Mini circuits minicircuitscom p page 1 of 1 frequency multiplier case style. Analog frequency multiplier design techniques and applications. The amplifier circuit of claim 16, wherein at least one of said level shifter stages comprises an amplifier circuit providing effective f t doubling operation. An amplifier circuit for receiving an input signal and producing enhanced gain thereof at high frequencies, said amplifier circuit comprising.
Microwave frequency doublers multipliers coaxial to 12 ghz in. A 7 stage schottky diode voltage doubler circuit is designed, mod eled, simulated, fabricated and tested in this work. It shows the voltage doubler circuit functioning as expected in fig. Our multipliers combine an active doubler with an output buffer amplifier to deliver constant power over a range of input powers, resulting in an excellent rejection of the fundamental and harmonic products. This converts the rising edge of the square wave into a positive pulse and the falling edge into a negative pulse. It shows that the voltage doubler circuit is functioning as expected and it is shown in fig. The curves include the 1n5442 which is a varicap diode not normally used in this type of circuit. Rather than implementing complicated circuits with active components to double voltage, one can utilize passive components to lower currentraise voltage. In electronics, a frequency multiplier is an electronic circuit that generates an output signal whose output frequency is a harmonic multiple of its input frequency.
Novel frequency doubler circuits and dividers using duty. Sigateks wideband frequency doublers, multipliers cover input frequency range 16000 mhz and output frequency 212000 mhz. Using discrete components, the circuit was fabricated on a twosided printed circuit board with a footprint of 1. Simulations are carried out using cadence spectra rf environment tool. An oscillator circuit that outputs a signal which is double the input frequency. Since the proposed rectifier also operates with interleaved gate signals, the input current waveform and the differentialmode emi. The circuit consists of an xor2 gate, dual edge triggered flip flop and a couple of buffers. The essential waveforms of the currentdoubler rectifier are indicated in figure 4. When the incident rf signal, v inc, is superimposed on v gg, the voltage gate will rise above v.
Jun 10, 2004 hey, im also looking for a frequency doubler, i had a look at that circuit and i got a few questions. During the positive halfcycle one of the diodes d1 conducts and the charges the capacitor c1. Chapter5 is dedicated to the performance evaluation of 40 ghz frequency doubler circuit designed in chapter4. A voltage multiplier circuit is a special type of diode voltage doubler circuit which produces a dc voltage many times greater than its ac input voltage.
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